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Human Development Index

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"HDI" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="HDI_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="HDI (disambiguation)">HDI (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the complete ranking of countries, see <a href="List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">List of countries by Human Development Index</a>.</div>

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of <a href="Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a>, <a href="Education_Index" title="Education Index">education</a> (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the <a href="Education_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Education system">education system</a>), and <a href="Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of <a href="Human_development_(humanity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Human development (humanity)">human development</a>. A country scores a higher level of HDI when the <a href="Life_expectancy_at_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="Life expectancy at birth">lifespan</a> is higher, the <a href="Education" title="Education">education</a> level is higher, and the gross national income <a href="GNI_(PPP)_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="GNI (PPP) per capita">GNI (PPP) per capita</a> is higher. It was developed by Pakistani economist <a href="Mahbub_ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahbub ul-Haq">Mahbub ul-Haq</a> and was further used to measure a country's development by the <a href="United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP)'s Human Development Report Office.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>

The 2010 <a href="Human_Development_Report" title="Human Development Report">Human Development Report</a> introduced an <a href="List_of_countries_by_inequality-adjusted_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index">inequality-adjusted Human Development Index</a> (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for this <a href="Social_inequality" title="Social inequality">inequality</a>), while the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum level of HDI) that could be achieved if there was no inequality."<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

The index is based on the human development approach, developed by Mahbub ul-Haq, anchored in <a href="Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a>'s work on human capabilities, and often framed in terms of whether people are able to "be" and "do" desirable things in life. Examples include — being: well-fed, sheltered, and healthy; doing: work, education, voting, participating in community life. The freedom of choice is considered central — someone choosing to be hungry (e.g. when <a href="Fasting_in_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasting in religion">fasting for religious reasons</a>) is considered different from someone who is hungry because they cannot afford to buy food, or because the country is going through a <a href="Famine" title="Famine">famine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-6">[6]</a>

The index does not take into account several factors, such as the <a href="List_of_countries_by_wealth_per_adult" title="List of countries by wealth per adult">net wealth per capita</a> or the relative <a href="Quality_(business)" title="Quality (business)">quality of goods</a> in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most <a href="Developed_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developed countries">developed countries</a>, such as the <a href="G7" title="G7">G7</a> members and others.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2></div>

The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Human Development Reports produced by the Human Development Report Office of the <a href="United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP). These annual reports were devised and launched by Pakistani economist <a href="Mahbub_ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahbub ul-Haq">Mahbub ul-Haq</a> in 1990, and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from <a href="National_income" class="mw-redirect" title="National income">national income</a> accounting to <a href="People-centered_development" title="People-centered development">people-centered policies</a>". He believed that a simple composite measure of human development was needed to convince the public, academics and politicians that they can, and should, evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human <a href="Well-being" title="Well-being">well-being</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dimensions_and_calculation">Dimensions and calculation</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_method_(2010_HDI_onwards)">New method (2010 HDI onwards)</h3></div>

Published on 4 November 2010 (and updated on 10 June 2011), the 2010 Human Development Report calculated the HDI combining three dimensions:<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

<ul><li>A long and healthy life: <a href="Life_expectancy_at_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="Life expectancy at birth">Life expectancy at birth</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Education index">Education</a>: Mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling</li>

<li>A decent standard of living: <a href="Gross_national_income" title="Gross national income">GNI</a> per capita (<a href="Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a> <a href="International_dollar" title="International dollar">international dollars</a>)</li></ul>

In its 2010 Human Development Report, the UNDP began using a new method of calculating the HDI. The following three indices are used:

1. Life Expectancy Index (LEI) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\textrm {LE}}-20}{85-20}}={\frac {{\textrm {LE}}-20}{65}}}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\textrm {LE}}-20}{85-20}}={\frac {{\textrm {LE}}-20}{65}}}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./ca43fe97dc2c82e390ab46975157810ba5824681.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:23.626ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\textrm {LE}}-20}{85-20}}={\frac {{\textrm {LE}}-20}{65}}}" loading="lazy">

<dl><dd><dl><dd>LEI is equal to 1 when <a href="Life_expectancy_at_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="Life expectancy at birth">life expectancy at birth</a> is 85 years, and 0 when life expectancy at birth is 20 years.</dd></dl></dd></dl>

2. <a href="Education_Index" title="Education Index">Education Index</a> (EI) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\textrm {MYSI}}+{\textrm {EYSI}}}{2}}}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\textrm {MYSI}}+{\textrm {EYSI}}}{2}}}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./322a300516420de9fa83acbd25f56e3f704e7ef8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:17.594ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\textrm {MYSI}}+{\textrm {EYSI}}}{2}}}" loading="lazy"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

<dl><dd>2.1 Mean Years of Schooling Index (MYSI) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ={\frac {\textrm {MYS}}{15}}}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ={\frac {\textrm {MYS}}{15}}}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./55aabf77d89eb9e57d504c519802826d7a7da917.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:8.456ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ={\frac {\textrm {MYS}}{15}}}" loading="lazy"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>

<dl><dd>Fifteen is the projected maximum of this indicator for 2025.</dd></dl></dd>

<dd>2.2 Expected Years of Schooling Index (EYSI) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ={\frac {\textrm {EYS}}{18}}}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ={\frac {\textrm {EYS}}{18}}}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./d144416b4a2047923a6c231941cd3099f90fd5dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.908ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ={\frac {\textrm {EYS}}{18}}}" loading="lazy"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

<dl><dd>Eighteen is equivalent to achieving a <a href="Master's_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> in most countries.</dd></dl></dd></dl>

3. Income Index (II) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ={\frac {\ln({\textrm {GNIpc}})-\ln(100)}{\ln(75,000)-\ln(100)}}={\frac {\ln({\textrm {GNIpc}})-\ln(100)}{\ln(750)}}}">

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<mtext>GNIpc</mtext>

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ={\frac {\ln({\textrm {GNIpc}})-\ln(100)}{\ln(75,000)-\ln(100)}}={\frac {\ln({\textrm {GNIpc}})-\ln(100)}{\ln(750)}}}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./5a3d56371f35540c2da3bae3250266ba3508160e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:48.452ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ={\frac {\ln({\textrm {GNIpc}})-\ln(100)}{\ln(75,000)-\ln(100)}}={\frac {\ln({\textrm {GNIpc}})-\ln(100)}{\ln(750)}}}" loading="lazy">

<dl><dd><dl><dd>II is 1 when GNI per capita is $75,000 and 0 when GNI per capita is $100.</dd></dl></dd></dl>

Finally, the HDI is the <a href="Geometric_mean" title="Geometric mean">geometric mean</a> of the previous three normalized indices:

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\textrm {HDI}}={\sqrt[{3}]{{\textrm {LEI}}\cdot {\textrm {EI}}\cdot {\textrm {II}}}}.}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./364ecd910bf260a13250cde6a9d25e08d9633fe8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.375ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\textrm {HDI}}={\sqrt[{3}]{{\textrm {LEI}}\cdot {\textrm {EI}}\cdot {\textrm {II}}}}.}" loading="lazy"></dd></dl>

LE: <a href="Life_expectancy_at_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="Life expectancy at birth">Life expectancy at birth</a>

MYS: Mean years of schooling (i.e. years that a person aged 25 or older has spent in formal education)

EYS: Expected years of schooling (i.e. total expected years of schooling for children under 18 years of age, incl. young men and women aged 13–17)

GNIpc: <a href="List_of_countries_by_GNI_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GNI (PPP) per capita">Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_method_(HDI_before_2010)">Old method (HDI before 2010)</h3></div>

The HDI combined three dimensions last used in its 2009 report:

<ul><li><a href="Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">Life expectancy</a> at birth, as an index of population health and longevity to HDI</li>

<li>Knowledge and education, as measured by the adult <a href="Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a> rate (with two-thirds weighting) and the combined primary, secondary, and tertiary <a href="Gross_enrollment_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross enrollment ratio">gross enrollment ratio</a> (with one-third weighting).</li>

<li><a href="Standard_of_living" title="Standard of living">Standard of living</a>, as indicated by the <a href="Natural_logarithm" title="Natural logarithm">natural logarithm</a> of <a href="Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> <a href="Per_capita" title="Per capita">per capita</a> at <a href="Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a>.</li></ul>

This methodology was used by the UNDP until their 2011 report.

The formula defining the HDI is promulgated by the United Nations Development Programme (<a href="UNDP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDP">UNDP</a>).<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In general, to transform a raw <a href="Variable_(mathematics)" title="Variable (mathematics)">variable</a>, say <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy">, into a unit-free <a href="Index_(economics)" title="Index (economics)">index</a> between 0 and 1 (which allows different indices to be added together), the following <a href="Formula" title="Formula">formula</a> is used:

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x{\text{ index}}={\frac {x-a}{b-a}}}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./649cc3be2e96c9683d44387a699f36a4269c22a5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:16.737ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x{\text{ index}}={\frac {x-a}{b-a}}}" loading="lazy"></li></ul>

where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" loading="lazy"> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" loading="lazy"> are the <a href="Maxima_and_minima" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxima and minima">lowest and highest values</a> the variable <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">

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The Human Development Index (HDI) then represents the uniformly weighted sum with <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">

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</style>1⁄3 contributed by each of the following factor indices:

<ul><li><a href="Life_Expectancy_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Life Expectancy Index">Life Expectancy Index</a> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\text{LE}}-25}{85-25}}={\frac {{\text{LE}}-25}{60}}}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\text{LE}}-25}{85-25}}={\frac {{\text{LE}}-25}{60}}}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./81d8ec3412ecdeed6904a350d921510294ff313b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:23.626ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\text{LE}}-25}{85-25}}={\frac {{\text{LE}}-25}{60}}}" loading="lazy"></li>

<li><a href="Education_Index" title="Education Index">Education Index</a> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ={\frac {2}{3}}\times {\text{ALI}}+{\frac {1}{3}}\times {\text{GEI}}}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ={\frac {2}{3}}\times {\text{ALI}}+{\frac {1}{3}}\times {\text{GEI}}}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./8750ed50390c52ecf56ce02ad9cc822de10a60c7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:23.254ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ={\frac {2}{3}}\times {\text{ALI}}+{\frac {1}{3}}\times {\text{GEI}}}" loading="lazy">

<ul><li><a href="Adult_Literacy_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult Literacy Index">Adult Literacy Index</a> (ALI) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\text{ALR}}-0}{100-0}}={\frac {\text{ALR}}{100}}}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\text{ALR}}-0}{100-0}}={\frac {\text{ALR}}{100}}}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./d8a0cb2646b17ee3339af6764c8033b795109a8c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:21.04ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\text{ALR}}-0}{100-0}}={\frac {\text{ALR}}{100}}}" loading="lazy"></li>

<li><a href="Gross_Enrollment_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Enrollment Index">Gross Enrollment Index</a> (GEI) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\text{CGER}}-0}{100-0}}={\frac {\text{CGER}}{100}}}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\text{CGER}}-0}{100-0}}={\frac {\text{CGER}}{100}}}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./e2cd0090ede61e15fdc081be3d1bad29f15bb2fd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:24.819ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ={\frac {{\text{CGER}}-0}{100-0}}={\frac {\text{CGER}}{100}}}" loading="lazy"></li></ul></li>

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ={\frac {\log({\text{GDPpc}})-\log(100)}{\log(40000)-\log(100)}}={\frac {\log({\text{GDPpc}})-\log(100)}{\log(400)}}}</annotation>

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</math><img src="./ab463d91596347b53d444a05383a38fb810bda79.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:54.019ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ={\frac {\log({\text{GDPpc}})-\log(100)}{\log(40000)-\log(100)}}={\frac {\log({\text{GDPpc}})-\log(100)}{\log(400)}}}" loading="lazy"></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2023_Human_Development_Index_(2025_report)">2023 Human Development Index (2025 report)</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">List of countries by Human Development Index</a></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="List_of_countries_by_inequality-adjusted_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index">List of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index</a></div>

The Human Development Report 2025 by the <a href="United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> was released on 6 May 2025; the report calculates HDI values based on data collected in 2023.

Ranked from 1 to 74 in the year 2023, the following countries are considered to have "very high human development":<a href="#cite_note-2022_components3-14">[14]</a>

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</style>Table of countries by HDI

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<th scope="colgroup" colspan="2">Rank

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<th scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;">Country or territory

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<th scope="colgroup" colspan="2">HDI

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<th scope="col" style="width:5em;" data-sort-type="number">2023 data (2025 report)

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<th scope="col" style="width:5em;" data-sort-type="number">Change since 2015

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<th scope="col" style="width:5em;" data-sort-type="number">2023 data (2025 report)<a href="#cite_note-2022_components32-15">[15]</a>

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<th scope="col" style="width:5em;" data-sort-type="number">Average annual growth (2010–2023)

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<td> (2)

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<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>

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<td> 0.28%

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<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>

</th>

<td> 0.25%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row">  <a href="Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>

</th>

<td> 0.24%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (2)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>

</th>

<td> 0.35%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2">5

</td>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>

</th>

<td rowspan="2">0.959

</td>

<td> 0.19%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>

</th>

<td> 0.38%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>7

</td>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>

</th>

<td>0.958

</td>

<td> 0.20%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (2)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>

</th>

<td> 0.26%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (1)

</td>

</th>

<td> 0.38%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>10

</td>

<td> (3)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>

</th>

<td>0.951

</td>

<td> 0.26%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (4)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>

</th>

<td> 0.38%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>12

</td>

<td> (4)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>

</th>

<td>0.948

</td>

<td> 0.27%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (2)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>

</th>

<td> 0.25%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (2)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>

</th>

<td> 0.24%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (27)

</td>

</th>

<td> 1.04%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (2)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>

</th>

<td> 0.22%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>

</th>

<td> 0.23%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (5)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>

</th>

<td> 0.13%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

</th>

<td> 0.10%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>

</th>

<td> 0.36%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (2)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>

</th>

<td> 0.33%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>22

</td>

<td> (3)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>

</th>

<td>0.930

</td>

<td> 0.21%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>23

</td>

<td> (3)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>

</th>

<td>0.925

</td>

<td> 0.16%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>24

</td>

<td> (5)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>

</th>

<td>0.924

</td>

<td> 0.50%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>25

</td>

<td> (3)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>

</th>

<td>0.922

</td>

<td> 0.14%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="France" title="France">France</a>

</th>

<td> 0.28%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (3)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>

</th>

<td> 0.26%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>

</th>

<td> 0.40%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (3)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czechia</a>

</th>

<td> 0.22%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>

</th>

<td> 0.24%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (2)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a>

</th>

<td> 0.32%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>

</th>

<td> 0.20%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (3)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>

</th>

<td> 0.45%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (3)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>

</th>

<td> 0.18%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>35

</td>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>

</th>

<td>0.906

</td>

<td> 0.35%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (5)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>

</th>

<td> 0.33%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>37

</td>

<td> (9)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>

</th>

<td>0.900

</td>

<td> 0.70%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>

</th>

<td> 0.80%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>39

</td>

<td> (4)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>

</th>

<td>0.895

</td>

<td> 0.32%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (2)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>

</th>

<td> 0.42%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>

</th>

<td> 0.53%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (4)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>

</th>

<td> 0.51%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (4)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>

</th>

<td> 0.45%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>44

</td>

<td> (6)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>

</th>

<td>0.880

</td>

<td> 0.14%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>

</th>

<td> 0.47%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>

</th>

<td> 0.22%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (7)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>

</th>

<td> 0.15%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>

</th>

<td> 0.38%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (13)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>

</th>

<td> 0.47%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>50

</td>

<td> (1)

</td>

</th>

<td>0.858

</td>

<td> 0.22%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (7)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>

</th>

<td> 1.10%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>

</th>

<td> 0.36%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (5)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a>

</th>

<td> 0.18%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>54

</td>

<td> (5)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>

</th>

<td>0.848

</td>

<td> 0.30%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2">55

</td>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>

</th>

<td rowspan="2">0.845

</td>

<td> 0.09%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (2)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>

</th>

<td> 0.14%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>57

</td>

<td> (6)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>

</th>

<td>0.844

</td>

<td> 0.54%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (4)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a>

</th>

<td> 0.49%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>59

</td>

<td> (6)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>

</th>

<td>0.839

</td>

<td> 0.47%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (12)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>

</th>

<td> 0.13%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (1)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>

</th>

<td> 0.38%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2">62

</td>

<td> (3)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>

</th>

<td rowspan="2">0.833

</td>

<td> 0.39%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (5)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>

</th>

<td> 0.39%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (12)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>

</th>

<td> 0.25%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>65

</td>

<td> (10)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>

</th>

<td>0.824

</td>

<td> 0.12%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (3)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a>

</th>

<td> 0.21%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (2)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>

</th>

<td> 0.41%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>68

</td>

<td> (4)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>

</th>

<td>0.815

</td>

<td> 0.21%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (9)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>

</th>

<td> 0.18%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>

</th>

<td> 0.52%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>71

</td>

<td>

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>

</th>

<td>0.810

</td>

<td> 0.25%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td> (10)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>

</th>

<td> 0.30%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>

</th>

<td> 0.44%

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>74

</td>

<td> (7)

</td>

<th style="text-align:left" scope="row"> <a href="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>

</th>

<td>0.804

</td>

<td> 0.68%

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Past_top_countries">Past top countries</h2></div>

The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest sixteen times, Canada eight times, Iceland three times, and Switzerland and Japan 2 times each.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_each_original_HDI">In each original HDI</h3></div>

The year represents the time period from which the statistics for the index were derived. In parentheses is the year when the report was published.

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<ul><li>2023 (2025):  <a href="Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li>

<li>2022 (2024):   <a href="Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>

<li>2021 (2022):   <a href="Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>

<li>2019 (2020):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2018 (2019):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2017 (2018):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2015 (2016):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2014 (2015):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2013 (2014):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2012 (2013):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2011 (2011):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2010 (2010):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2007 (2009):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2006 (2008):  <a href="Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li>

<li>2005 (2007):  <a href="Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li>

<li>2004 (2006):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2003 (2005):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2002 (2004):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2001 (2003):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>2000 (2002):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>1999 (2001):  <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li>1998 (2000):  <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li>1997 (1999):  <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li>1995 (1998):  <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li>1994 (1997):  <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li>1993 (1996):  <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li>1992 (1995):  <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li>1994 (1994):  <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li>1993 (1993):  <a href="Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li>

<li>1990 (1992):  <a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li>1990 (1991):  <a href="Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li></ul></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographical_coverage">Geographical coverage</h2></div>

The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the <a href="United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific">United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific</a>, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countries.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Country/region_specific_HDI_lists">Country/region specific HDI lists</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_regions_of_Afghanistan_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of regions of Afghanistan by Human Development Index">Afghan regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_provinces_of_Angola_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of provinces of Angola by Human Development Index">Angolan provinces</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_African_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of African countries by Human Development Index">African countries</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_counties_of_Albania_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of counties of Albania by Human Development Index">Albanian counties</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Algerian_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Algerian regions by Human Development Index">Algerian regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Argentine_provinces_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Argentine provinces by Human Development Index">Argentine provinces</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Armenian_provinces_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Armenian provinces by Human Development Index">Armenian provinces</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Australian states and territories by Human Development Index">Australian states and territories</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Austrian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Austrian states by Human Development Index">Austrian states</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_regions_of_Azerbaijan_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of regions of Azerbaijan by Human Development Index">Azerbaijani regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_regions_of_Baltic_States_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of regions of Baltic States by Human Development Index">Baltic regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_regions_of_Bangladesh_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of regions of Bangladesh by Human Development Index">Bangladeshi districts and divisions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Belgian_provinces_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Belgian provinces by Human Development Index">Belgian provinces</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Bolivian_departments_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Bolivian departments by Human Development Index">Bolivian departments</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_regions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Human Development Index">Bosnia and Herzegovina regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Brazilian_federative_units_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Brazilian federative units by Human Development Index">Brazilian states</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Canadian provinces and territories by Human Development Index">Canadian provinces and territories</a></li>

<li><a href="Ranked_list_of_Chilean_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranked list of Chilean regions">Chilean regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by Human Development Index">Chinese administrative divisions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Colombian_departments_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Colombian departments by Human Development Index">Colombian departments</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Croatian_counties_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Croatian counties by Human Development Index">Croatian counties</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Danish_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Danish regions by Human Development Index">Danish regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_provinces_of_the_Netherlands_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of provinces of the Netherlands by Human Development Index">Dutch provinces</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_governorates_of_Egypt_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of governorates of Egypt by Human Development Index">Egyptian governorates</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Ethiopian_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Ethiopian regions by Human Development Index">Ethiopian regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by Human Development Index">European countries</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Finnish_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Finnish regions by Human Development Index">Finnish regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_French_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of French regions by Human Development Index">French regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_German_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of German states by Human Development Index">German states</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Georgian_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Georgian regions by Human Development Index">Georgian regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Greek_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Greek regions by Human Development Index">Greek regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Indian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian states by Human Development Index">Indian states</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_districts_in_Tamil_Nadu_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of districts in Tamil Nadu by Human Development Index">Tamil Nadu districts (India)</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Indonesian_provinces_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indonesian provinces by HDI">Indonesian provinces</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Iranian_provinces_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Iranian provinces by Human Development Index">Iranian provinces</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Governorates_of_Iraq_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governorates of Iraq by Human Development Index">Iraqi governorates</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Italian_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Italian regions by Human Development Index">Italian regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_regions_of_Kazakhstan_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of regions of Kazakhstan by Human Development Index">Kazakhstan regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Japanese_prefectures_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Japanese prefectures by Human Development Index">Japanese prefectures</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Jordanian_governorates_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Jordanian governorates by Human Development Index">Jordanian governorates</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Latin_American_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Latin American countries by Human Development Index">Latin American countries</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Malaysian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Malaysian states by Human Development Index">Malaysian states</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Mexican_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Mexican states by Human Development Index">Mexican states</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of administrative divisions of Myanmar by Human Development Index">Myanmar administrative divisions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Nepalese_provinces_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Nepalese provinces by Human Development Index">Nepalese provinces</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_regions_of_New_Zealand_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of regions of New Zealand by Human Development Index">New Zealand regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Nigerian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Nigerian states by Human Development Index">Nigerian states</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Norwegian_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Norwegian regions by Human Development Index">Norwegian regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_administrative_units_of_Pakistan_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of administrative units of Pakistan by Human Development Index">Pakistani administrative units</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Philippine_provinces_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Philippine provinces by HDI">Philippine provinces</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_regions_of_Palestine_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of regions of Palestine by Human Development Index">Palestinian regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Polish_voivodeships_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Polish voivodeships by Human Development Index">Polish voivodeships</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Portuguese_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Portuguese regions by Human Development Index">Portuguese Regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Romanian_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Romanian regions by Human Development Index">Romanian regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by Human Development Index">Russian federal subjects</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Serbian_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Serbian regions by Human Development Index">Serbian Regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_South_African_provinces_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of South African provinces by HDI">South African provinces</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_regions_of_South_Korea_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of regions of South Korea by Human Development Index">South Korean regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Spanish_autonomous_communities_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish autonomous communities by Human Development Index">Spanish communities</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Swedish_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Swedish regions by Human Development Index">Swedish regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_governorates_of_Syria_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of governorates of Syria by Human Development Index">Syrian governorates </a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_regions_of_Switzerland_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of regions of Switzerland by Human Development Index">Swiss regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_regions_of_Thailand_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions of Thailand by Human Development Index">Thai regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Turkish_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Turkish regions by Human Development Index">Turkish regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_regions_of_the_United_Kingdom_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of regions of the United Kingdom by Human Development Index">UK regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Ukrainian_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Ukrainian regions by Human Development Index">Ukrainian regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_U.S._states_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by Human Development Index">U.S. states</a> (<a href="American_Human_Development_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="American Human Development Report">American Human Development Report</a> (AHDR))</li>

<li><a href="Ranked_list_of_Venezuelan_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranked list of Venezuelan states">Venezuelan states</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Vietnamese_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vietnamese regions by Human Development Index">Vietnamese regions</a></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2></div>

The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds, including focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification of "low", "medium", "high" or "very high" human development countries.<a href="#cite_note-Wolff_et_al._2011-18">[18]</a>

There have also been various criticism towards the lack of consideration regarding sustainability<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> (which later got addressed by the <a href="Planetary_pressures-adjusted_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary pressures-adjusted HDI">planetary pressures-adjusted HDI</a>), social inequality<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> (which got addressed by the <a href="Inequality-adjusted_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="Inequality-adjusted HDI">inequality-adjusted HDI</a>), <a href="Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment</a><a href="#cite_note-b208-21">[21]</a> or <a href="Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-b208-21">[21]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources_of_data_error">Sources of data error</h3></div>

Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and <a href="Maximilian_Auffhammer" title="Maximilian Auffhammer">Maximilian Auffhammer</a> discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They have identified three sources of data error which are: (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country's development status. They conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. Wolff, Chong and Auffhammer suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because the cut-off values seem arbitrary, and the classifications can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, as well as having the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.<a href="#cite_note-Wolff_et_al._2011-18">[18]</a>

In 2010, the UNDP reacted to the criticism by updating the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to <a href="The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> to an article published in the magazine on 6 January 2011<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI, and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuously updating the human-development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place.

In 2013, Salvatore Monni and Alessandro Spaventa emphasized that in the debate of GDP versus HDI, it is often forgotten that these are both external indicators that prioritize different benchmarks upon which the quantification of societal welfare can be predicated. The larger question is whether it is possible to shift the focus of policy from a battle between competing paradigms to a mechanism for eliciting information on well-being directly from the population.<a href="#cite_note-Monni_and_Spaventa,_2013-24">[24]</a>

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<ul><li><a href="Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_Inequality_Index" title="Gender Inequality Index">Gender Inequality Index</a></li>

<li><a href="International_development" title="International development">International development</a></li>

<li><a href="Legatum_Prosperity_Index" title="Legatum Prosperity Index">Legatum Prosperity Index</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sovereign_states_by_percentage_of_population_living_in_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states by percentage of population living in poverty">List of sovereign states by percentage of population living in poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="OECD_Better_Life_Index" title="OECD Better Life Index">OECD Better Life Index</a> (BLI)</li>

<li><a href="Right_to_an_adequate_standard_of_living" title="Right to an adequate standard of living">Right to an adequate standard of living</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_Progress_Index" title="Social Progress Index">Social Progress Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> (SDGs)</li>

<li><a href="Where-to-be-born_Index" title="Where-to-be-born Index">Where-to-be-born Index</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Happiness_Report" title="World Happiness Report">World Happiness Report</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Mean years of schooling (of adults) (years) is a calculation of the average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older in their lifetime based on education attainment levels of the population converted into years of schooling based on theoretical duration of each level of education attended. Source: <cite id="CITEREFBarroLee2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Robert_Barro" title="Robert Barro">Barro, R. J.</a>; Lee, J.-W. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w15902">"A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950–2010"</a>. NBER Working Paper No. 15902. Working Paper Series. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3386%2Fw15902">10.3386/w15902</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807191234/http://www.nber.org/papers/w15902">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2011.</cite>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi">Human Development Index</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/">Human Development Tools and Rankings</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Economic_classification_of_countries837" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economic classification of countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Developed_country" title="Developed country">Developed country</a></li>

<li><a href="Developing_country" title="Developing country">Developing country</a></li>

<li><a href="Heavily_indebted_poor_countries" title="Heavily indebted poor countries">Heavily indebted poor countries</a></li>

<li><a href="Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">Least developed countries</a></li>

<li><a href="Newly_industrialized_country" title="Newly industrialized country">Newly industrialized country</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Bank_high-income_economy" title="World Bank high-income economy">World Bank high-income economy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Three-world_model" title="Three-world model">Three/Four-World Model</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="First_World" title="First World">First World</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_World" title="Second World">Second World</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a></li>

<li><a href="Fourth_World" title="Fourth World">Fourth World</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Gross domestic product</a> (GDP)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gross_domestic_product#Nominal_GDP_and_adjustments_to_GDP" title="Gross domestic product">Nominal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">By country</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_past_and_future_GDP_(nominal)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by past and future GDP (nominal)">past and projected</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_past_and_future_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by past and future GDP (nominal) per capita">per capita</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">per capita</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gross_domestic_product#Cross-border_comparison_and_PPP" title="Gross domestic product">Purchasing power parity</a> (PPP)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">By country</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_future_GDP_(PPP)_estimates" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by future GDP (PPP) estimates">future estimates</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_future_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita_estimates" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by future GDP (PPP) per capita estimates">per capita</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">per capita</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_person_employed" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per person employed">per person employed</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gross_national_income" title="Gross national income">Gross national income</a> and <a href="Income" title="Income">Income</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Disposable_household_and_per_capita_income" title="Disposable household and per capita income">Disposable income</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_GNI_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GNI (nominal) per capita">GNI (nominal) per capita</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_GNI_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GNI (PPP) per capita">GNI (PPP) per capita</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_GNI_per_capita_growth" title="List of countries by GNI per capita growth">Per capita growth</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_income_inequality" title="List of countries by income inequality">Income inequality</a></li>

<li><a href="Median_income" title="Median income">Median income</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_income" title="Real income">Real income</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Wage" title="Wage">Wages</a> and <a href="Salary" title="Salary">salary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of countries by average wage">Average wage</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_European_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of European countries by average wage">Europe</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_employee_compensation_(per_hour)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by employee compensation (per hour)">Employee compensation (per hour)</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_labour_productivity" title="List of countries by labour productivity">Labour productivity</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_minimum_wages_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of minimum wages by country">Minimum wage</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_minimum_wages_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of minimum wages in Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe_by_minimum_wage" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in Europe by minimum wage">Europe</a></li>

<li><a href="Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="National_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="National wealth">Wealth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_sovereign_states_by_wealth_inequality" title="List of sovereign states by wealth inequality">Wealth inequality</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_wealth_per_adult" title="List of countries by wealth per adult">Wealth per adult</a>

<ul><li><a href="Wealth_distribution_in_Europe" title="Wealth distribution in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_financial_assets_per_capita" title="List of countries by financial assets per capita">Financial assets per capita</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="National_accounts" title="National accounts">national accounts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gross_National_Happiness" title="Gross National Happiness">Gross National Happiness</a></li>

<li><a href="Net_material_product" title="Net material product">Net material product</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_research_and_development_spending" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by research and development spending">Research and development spending</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_stock_market_capitalization" title="List of countries by stock market capitalization">Stock market capitalization</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Intellectual_Property_Indicators" title="World Intellectual Property Indicators">Patents, trademarks, and industrial design filing activity</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Human_development_(humanity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Human development (humanity)">Human development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">by country</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_inequality-adjusted_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI">inequality-adjusted</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_planetary_pressures%E2%80%93adjusted_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by planetary pressures–adjusted HDI">planetary pressures–adjusted HDI</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Human_Poverty_Index" title="Human Poverty Index">Human Poverty Index</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_living_in_poverty" title="List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty">Percentage living in poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_Capital_Index" title="Human Capital Index">Human Capital Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Household_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Household income">Household income</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_Progress_Index" title="Social Progress Index">Social Progress Index</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Digital_divide" title="Digital divide">Digital divide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ICT_Development_Index" title="ICT Development Index">ICT Development Index</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_number_of_broadband_Internet_subscriptions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions">Number of broadband Internet subscriptions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_number_of_Internet_users" title="List of countries by number of Internet users">Number of Internet users</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_smartphone_penetration" title="List of countries by smartphone penetration">Smartphone penetration</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Net_international_investment_position" title="Net international investment position">Net international investment position</a> (NIIP)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_creditor_nations_by_net_international_investment_position_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of creditor nations by net international investment position per capita">Per capita (creditors)</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_debtor_nations_by_net_international_investment_position_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of debtor nations by net international investment position per capita">Per capita (debtors)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li> <a href="Portal%3AEconomics" title="Portal:Economics">Economics portal</a></li>

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</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics600" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists_of_countries_by_population_statistics600" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Lists_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories" title="Lists of sovereign states and dependent territories">Lists of countries</a> by <a href="Demographic_statistics" title="Demographic statistics">population statistics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="World_population" title="World population">Global</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">Current population</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_population_(United_Nations)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population (United Nations)">United Nations</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Demographics_of_the_world" title="Demographics of the world">Demographics of the world</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_continents_and_continental_subregions_by_population" title="List of continents and continental subregions by population">Continents/subregions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_African_countries_by_population" title="List of African countries by population">Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="Demographics_of_Antarctica" title="Demographics of Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_European_countries_by_population" title="List of European countries by population">Europe</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_North_American_countries_by_population" title="List of North American countries by population">North America</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Caribbean_countries_by_population" title="List of Caribbean countries by population">Caribbean</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population" title="List of Oceanian countries by population">Oceania</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_South_American_countries_by_population" title="List of South American countries by population">South America</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_in_the_Americas_by_population" title="List of countries in the Americas by population">Americas</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Arab_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Arab countries by population">Arab world</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations_by_population" title="List of member states of the Commonwealth of Nations by population">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Eurasian_countries_by_population" title="List of Eurasian countries by population">Eurasia</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_population" title="List of European Union member states by population">European Union</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_islands_by_population" title="List of islands by population">Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Latin_American_countries_by_population" title="List of Latin American countries by population">Latin America</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Middle_Eastern_countries_by_population" title="List of Middle Eastern countries by population">Middle East</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities/urban areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">World cities</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_national_capitals_by_population" title="List of national capitals by population">National capitals</a></li>

<li><a href="Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</a></li>

<li><a href="Megalopolis" title="Megalopolis">Megalopolises</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past and future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_past_and_projected_future_population" title="List of countries by past and projected future population">Past and future population</a></li>

<li><a href="Estimates_of_historical_world_population" title="Estimates of historical world population">Estimates of historical world population</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_population_projections" title="Human population projections">Human population projections</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_population_milestones_by_country" title="List of population milestones by country">Population milestones</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Population_density" title="Population density">Population density</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">Current density</a></li>

<li><a href="Past_and_future_population_density_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Past and future population density by country">Past and future population density</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_arable_land_density" title="List of countries by arable land density">Person-to-arable land ratio</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Growth indicators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_population_growth_rate" title="List of countries by population growth rate">Population growth rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_natural_increase" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by natural increase">Natural increase</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_net_reproduction_rate" title="List of countries by net reproduction rate">Net reproduction rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_number_of_births" title="List of countries by number of births">Number of births</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_number_of_deaths" title="List of countries by number of deaths">Number of deaths</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_birth_rate" title="List of countries by birth rate">Birth rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_mortality_rate" title="List of countries by mortality rate">Mortality rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependencies_by_total_fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate">Fertility rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_past_fertility_rate" title="List of countries by past fertility rate">Past fertility rate</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">World</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_African_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of African countries by life expectancy">Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_European_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of European countries by life expectancy">Europe</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_North_American_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of North American countries by life expectancy">North America</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Oceanian countries by life expectancy">Oceania</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_South_American_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of South American countries by life expectancy">South America</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_world_regions_by_life_expectancy" title="List of world regions by life expectancy">world regions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_past_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by past life expectancy">past life expectancy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="Demography" title="Demography">demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_mean_age_at_childbearing" title="List of countries by mean age at childbearing">Age at childbearing</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_age_at_first_marriage" title="List of countries by age at first marriage">Age at first marriage</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_age_structure" title="List of countries by age structure">Age structure</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_dependency_ratio" title="List of countries by dependency ratio">Dependency ratio</a></li>

<li><a href="Divorce_demography" title="Divorce demography">Divorce rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_ranked_by_ethnic_and_cultural_diversity_level" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries ranked by ethnic and cultural diversity level">Ethnic and cultural diversity level</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_ethnic_groups" title="List of countries by ethnic groups">Ethnic composition</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sovereign_states_by_immigrant_and_emigrant_population" title="List of sovereign states by immigrant and emigrant population">Immigrant population</a></li>

<li><a href="Linguistic_diversity_index" title="Linguistic diversity index">Linguistic diversity</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_median_age" title="List of countries by median age">Median age</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sovereign_states_by_net_migration_rate" title="List of sovereign states by net migration rate">Net migration rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_number_of_households" title="List of countries by number of households">Number of households</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">Religion</a> / <a href="List_of_countries_by_irreligion" title="List of countries by irreligion">Irreligion</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_sex_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by sex ratio">Sex ratio</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_urban_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by urban population">Urban population</a></li>

<li><a href="Urbanization_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanization by country">Urbanization</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Health" title="Health">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_antidepressant_consumption" title="List of countries by antidepressant consumption">Antidepressant consumption</a></li>

<li><a href="Stockpiling_antiviral_medications_for_pandemic_influenza" title="Stockpiling antiviral medications for pandemic influenza">Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_HIV/AIDS_adult_prevalence_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate">HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_infant_and_under-five_mortality_rates" title="List of countries by infant and under-five mortality rates">Infant and under-five mortality rates</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_maternal_mortality_ratio" title="List of countries by maternal mortality ratio">Maternal mortality rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_obesity_rate" title="List of countries by obesity rate">Obesity rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_suffering_from_undernourishment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by percentage of population suffering from undernourishment">Percentage suffering from undernourishment</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_OECD_health_expenditure_by_country_by_type_of_financing" class="mw-redirect" title="List of OECD health expenditure by country by type of financing">Health expenditure by country by type of financing</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate" title="List of countries by suicide rate">Suicide rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_total_health_expenditure_per_capita" title="List of countries by total health expenditure per capita">Total health expenditure per capita</a></li>

<li><a href="Health_spending_as_percent_of_gross_domestic_product_(GDP)_by_country" title="Health spending as percent of gross domestic product (GDP) by country">Health spending as % of GDP</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_body_mass_index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by body mass index">Body mass index</a> (BMI)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and innovation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bloomberg_Innovation_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg Innovation Index">Bloomberg Innovation Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_Index" title="Education Index">Education Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Innovation_Index" title="International Innovation Index">International Innovation Index</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_literacy_rate" title="List of countries by literacy rate">Literacy rate</a></li>

<li><a href="Programme_for_the_International_Assessment_of_Adult_Competencies" title="Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies">Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies</a></li>

<li><a href="Programme_for_International_Student_Assessment" title="Programme for International Student Assessment">Programme for International Student Assessment</a> (PISA)</li>

<li><a href="Progress_in_International_Reading_Literacy_Study" title="Progress in International Reading Literacy Study">Progress in International Reading Literacy Study</a> (PIRLS)</li>

<li><a href="Trends_in_International_Mathematics_and_Science_Study" title="Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study">Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study</a> (TIMSS)</li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_tertiary_education_attainment" title="List of countries by tertiary education attainment">Tertiary education attainment</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Intellectual_Property_Indicators" title="World Intellectual Property Indicators">World Intellectual Property Indicators</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Demographic_economics" title="Demographic economics">Economic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_share_of_population_with_access_to_financial_services" title="List of countries by share of population with access to financial services">Access to financial services</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_development_aid_sovereign_state_donors" title="List of development aid sovereign state donors">Development aid donors</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_sovereign_states_by_Official_Development_Assistance_received" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states by Official Development Assistance received">Official Development Assistance received</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_employment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by employment rate">Employment rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_irrigated_land_area" title="List of countries by irrigated land area">Irrigated land area</a></li>

<li>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">by country</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_inequality-adjusted_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index">inequality-adjusted</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_planetary_pressures%E2%80%93adjusted_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by planetary pressures–adjusted Human Development Index">planetary pressures–adjusted HDI</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Human_Poverty_Index" title="Human Poverty Index">Human Poverty Index</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_imports" title="List of countries by imports">Imports</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_exports" title="List of countries by exports">Exports</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_income_equality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by income equality">Income equality</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_labour_force" title="List of countries by labour force">Labour force</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_share_of_income_of_the_richest_one_percent" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by share of income of the richest one percent">Share of income of top 1%</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_number_of_millionaires" title="List of countries by number of millionaires">Number of millionaires (US dollars)</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_number_of_billionaires" title="List of countries by number of billionaires">Number of billionaires (US dollars)</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_percentage_of_population_living_in_poverty" title="List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty">Percentage living in poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_public_sector_size" title="List of countries by public sector size">Public sector</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of countries by unemployment rate">Unemployment rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_wealth_inequality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by wealth inequality">Wealth inequality</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_international_rankings" title="List of international rankings">List of international rankings</a></li>

<li><a href="Lists_by_country" title="Lists by country">Lists by country</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lists_of_countries_by_quality_of_life_rankings343" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists_of_countries_by_quality_of_life_rankings343" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Lists_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories" title="Lists of sovereign states and dependent territories">Lists of countries</a> by <a href="Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a> <a href="List_of_international_rankings" title="List of international rankings">rankings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_African_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of African countries by life expectancy">Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_European_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of European countries by life expectancy">Europe</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_North_American_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of North American countries by life expectancy">North America</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Oceanian countries by life expectancy">Oceania</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_South_American_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of South American countries by life expectancy">South America</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="World_Happiness_Report" title="World Happiness Report">World Happiness Report</a></li>

<li><a href="Happy_Planet_Index" title="Happy Planet Index">Happy Planet Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_Capital_Index" title="Human Capital Index">Human Capital Index</a></li>

<li>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">by country</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_inequality-adjusted_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI">inequality-adjusted</a></li>

<li><a href="Legatum_Prosperity_Index" title="Legatum Prosperity Index">Legatum Prosperity Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Good_Country_Index" title="Good Country Index">Good Country Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Satisfaction_with_Life_Index" title="Satisfaction with Life Index">Satisfaction with Life Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Where-to-be-born_Index" title="Where-to-be-born Index">Where-to-be-born Index</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_long-term_unemployment_rate" title="List of countries by long-term unemployment rate">Long-term unemployment rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_home_ownership_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by home ownership rate">Home ownership rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_median_wage" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by median wage">Median wage</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_smartphone_penetration" title="List of countries by smartphone penetration">Smartphone ownership rate</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_greenhouse_gas_emissions_per_capita" title="List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita">Greenhouse gas emissions per capita</a></li>

<li><a href="Dashboard_of_sustainability" class="mw-redirect" title="Dashboard of sustainability">Dashboard of sustainability</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_Performance_Index" title="Environmental Performance Index">Environmental Performance Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_Vulnerability_Index" title="Environmental Vulnerability Index">Environmental Vulnerability Index</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_natural_disaster_risk" title="List of countries by natural disaster risk">Natural disaster risk</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_Society_Index" title="Sustainable Society Index">Sustainable Society Index</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_air_pollution" title="List of countries by air pollution">Air pollution</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_antidepressant_consumption" title="List of countries by antidepressant consumption">Antidepressant use</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_cancer_rate" title="List of countries by cancer rate">Cancer rate</a></li>

<li><a href="Child_Development_Index" title="Child Development Index">Child Development Index</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_access_to_clean_water" title="List of countries by access to clean water">Clean water access</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Health_Security_Index" title="Global Health Security Index">Global Health Security Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Hunger_Index" title="Global Hunger Index">Global Hunger Index</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_health_insurance_coverage" title="List of countries by health insurance coverage">Health insurance coverage</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds" title="List of countries by hospital beds">Hospital beds</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_intentional_homicide_rate" title="List of countries by intentional homicide rate">Murder rate</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_number_of_physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and dependencies by number of physicians">Number of physicians</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_risk_of_death_from_non-communicable_disease" title="List of countries by risk of death from non-communicable disease">Risk of death from non-communicable disease</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate" title="List of countries by suicide rate">Suicide rate</a></li>

<li><a href="Prevalence_of_teenage_pregnancy" title="Prevalence of teenage pregnancy">Teenage pregnancy rate</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social/political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Democracy_indices" title="Democracy indices">Democracy indices</a></li>

<li><a href="Fragile_States_Index" title="Fragile States Index">Fragile States Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Gender_Development_Index" title="Gender Development Index">Gender Development Index</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_guaranteed_minimum_income" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by guaranteed minimum income">Guaranteed minimum income</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_consultation_on_rule-making" title="List of countries by consultation on rule-making">Government transparency</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Slavery_Index" title="Global Slavery Index">Global Slavery Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Terrorism_Index" title="Global Terrorism Index">Global Terrorism Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Competitiveness_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Competitiveness Index">Global Competitiveness Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Multidimensional_Poverty_Index" title="Multidimensional Poverty Index">Multidimensional Poverty Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_terror_scale" title="Political terror scale">Political terror scale</a></li>

<li><a href="Press_Freedom_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Freedom Index">Press Freedom Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_Progress_Index" title="Social Progress Index">Social Progress Index</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_time_devoted_to_leisure_and_personal_care" title="List of countries by time devoted to leisure and personal care">Time devoted to leisure and personal care</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_wealth_equality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by wealth equality">Wealth equality</a></li>

<li><a href="Worldwide_Governance_Indicators" title="Worldwide Governance Indicators">Worldwide Governance Indicators</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_international_rankings" title="List of international rankings">List of international rankings</a></li>

<li><a href="Lists_by_country" title="Lists by country">Lists by country</a></li></ul>

</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Deprivation_and_poverty_indicators303" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Deprivation_and_poverty_indicators303" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Relative_deprivation" title="Relative deprivation">Deprivation</a> and <a href="Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a> indicators</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acting_out" title="Acting out">Acting out</a></li>

<li><a href="Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Child abuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Disadvantaged" title="Disadvantaged">Disadvantaged</a></li>

<li><a href="Diseases_of_poverty" title="Diseases of poverty">Diseases of poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">Environmental degradation</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">Environmental racism</a></li>

<li><a href="Fush%C5%ABgaku" title="Fushūgaku">Fushūgaku</a></li>

<li><a href="Governance_failure" title="Governance failure">Governance failure</a></li>

<li><a href="Hikikomori" title="Hikikomori">Hikikomori</a></li>

<li><a href="Mental_illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental illness">Mental illness</a></li>

<li><a href="Relative_deprivation" title="Relative deprivation">Relative deprivation</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-image" title="Self-image">Self-image</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_deprivation" title="Social deprivation">Social deprivation</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_vulnerability" title="Social vulnerability">Social vulnerability</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li>

<li><a href="Vulnerability" title="Vulnerability">Vulnerability</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measures:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_by_Social_Progress_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Social Progress Index">Social Progress Index</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Topics:7" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cruel%2C_inhuman_or_degrading_treatment" title="Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment">Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment</a></li>

<li><a href="Learned_helplessness" title="Learned helplessness">Learned helplessness</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychological_abuse" title="Psychological abuse">Psychological abuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Pierre_Janet#Freud" title="Pierre Janet">psychological poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="Causes_of_mental_disorders#Poverty" title="Causes of mental disorders">Poverty and mental health</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Asset_poverty" title="Asset poverty">Asset poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="Culture_of_poverty" title="Culture of poverty">Culture of poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="Debt_bondage" title="Debt bondage">Debt bondage</a></li>

<li><a href="Energy_poverty" title="Energy poverty">Energy poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">Extreme poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="Housing_stress" title="Housing stress">Housing stress</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">Human trafficking</a></li>

<li><a href="Income_deficit" title="Income deficit">Income deficit</a></li>

<li><a href="Poverty_threshold" title="Poverty threshold">Poverty threshold</a></li>

<li><a href="Precariat" title="Precariat">Precariat</a></li>

<li><a href="Precarious_work" title="Precarious work">Precarious work</a></li>

<li><a href="Secondary_poverty" title="Secondary poverty">Secondary poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="Survival_sex" title="Survival sex">Survival sex</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measures:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Below_Poverty_Line_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Below Poverty Line (India)">Below Poverty Line (India)</a></li>

<li><a href="Homeless_Vulnerability_Index" title="Homeless Vulnerability Index">Homeless Vulnerability Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Misery_index_(economics)" title="Misery index (economics)">Misery index (economics)</a></li>

<li><a href="Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini coefficient</a></li>

<li><a href="Genuine_progress_indicator" title="Genuine progress indicator">Genuine progress indicator</a> (GPI)</li>

<li><a href="Legatum_Prosperity_Index" title="Legatum Prosperity Index">Legatum Prosperity Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Poverty_gap_index" title="Poverty gap index">Poverty gap index</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Disability_and_poverty" title="Disability and poverty">Disability and poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="Food_security" title="Food security">Food insecurity</a></li>

<li><a href="Physical_abuse" title="Physical abuse">Physical abuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">Sex trafficking</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li>

<li><a href="Structural_violence#Connection_with_poverty" title="Structural violence">Poverty and violence</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="India_State_Hunger_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="India State Hunger Index">India State Hunger Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Hunger_Index" title="Global Hunger Index">Global Hunger Index</a></li>

<li><a href="Disability-adjusted_life_year" title="Disability-adjusted life year">Disability-adjusted life year</a> (DALYs)</li>

<li><a href="Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">Global Peace Index</a> (GPI)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Complex measures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Human_Poverty_Index" title="Human Poverty Index">Human Poverty Index</a> (HPI)</li>

<li><a href="Multidimensional_Poverty_Index" title="Multidimensional Poverty Index">Multidimensional Poverty Index</a> (MPI)</li>

<li><a href="Physical_Quality_of_Life_Index" title="Physical Quality of Life Index">Physical Quality of Life Index</a> (PQLI)</li>

<li><a href="Living_Planet_Index" title="Living Planet Index">Living Planet Index</a> (LPI)</li>

<li>Progress out of Poverty Index</li>

<li><a href="Deprivation_index" title="Deprivation index">Deprivation index</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gender</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Feminization_of_poverty" title="Feminization of poverty">Feminization of poverty</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Gender-related_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender-related Development Index">Gender-related Development Index</a> (GDI)</li>

<li><a href="Gender_Parity_Index" title="Gender Parity Index">Gender Parity Index</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Categories: Income inequality metrics · Measurements and definitions of poverty · Social responsibility organizations</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Commons categories: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Information_graphics_about_poverty" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Information graphics about poverty">Information graphics about poverty</a> · <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Poverty-related_maps" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Poverty-related maps">Poverty-related maps</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38994#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata645" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38994#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata645" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4819478-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000351238&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=13350">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-08" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Human_Development_Index&oldid=1304792957">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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